Facts for Kids

The word for flugelhorn comes from the German word Flügel, which means "wing" or "flank." Long ago, a person called the Flügelmeister led one side of a hunt and used a horn to give signals. That horn was a large, curved brass or silver instrument without valves.

Because leaders used the horn to point out the wings of a hunting group, the name stuck. Over time the older valveless horn became smaller and got valves, so it could play more notes. The idea of signaling and guiding with sound is why the name is tied to wings and direction.

Flugelhorn is a brass instrument that looks a bit like a trumpet or cornet but sounds softer and darker. Because it has a wider, more conical tube inside, its notes are rounder and more mellow. Most flugelhorns are tuned to B♭, which means they play the same written notes as many trumpets and cornets, though some are made in C.

The modern flugelhorn grew in Germany in the early 1800s from older hunting and bugle instruments. A big step came when valves were added about 1828, so players could play many more notes. Curious how a hunting horn became a jazz solo instrument?

Many players helped the flugelhorn become famous. Early jazz use came from Joe Bishop in the 1930s and Clark Terry in the 1950s. Chet Baker recorded warm flugelhorn music in the 1950s and 1960s. Miles Davis brought the flugelhorn into cool, moody jazz on albums like "Miles Ahead" and "Sketches of Spain." Chuck Mangione made the instrument the star of pop-jazz in the 1970s with the hit "Feels So Good."

Other notable players include Art Farmer, Freddie Hubbard, Roy Hargrove, Hugh Masekela, and some classical soloists like Sergei Nakariakov. Which sound would you pick to play—a bright trumpet or the mellow flugelhorn?

The flugelhorn’s tone is often called mellow, dark, or "fatter" compared with a trumpet. Because its tubing is more conical, the sound sits between a trumpet and a French horn—not as bright as a trumpet and not as wide as a French horn. Cornet tone sits in between a trumpet and a flugelhorn.

Players find the flugelhorn very smooth for gentle melodies and ballads, and it can move quickly like a cornet. But it can be harder to play very high notes cleanly; those notes may feel less steady than on a trumpet.

You will hear flugelhorns in many places: British-style brass bands, jazz groups, concert bands, and sometimes in orchestras. Composers from the 20th century onward have written parts for it, and pop arrangers in the 1960s used it for soft, warm sounds. In jazz it often plays lyrical solos that float over the music.

In some countries like the Netherlands and Belgium, fanfare orchestras include many flugelhorns (often 10–20) as the heart of the sound. It also appears in films and recordings where a gentle, singing brass voice is wanted.

A typical flugelhorn has three piston valves and the same fingerings as many other brass instruments, so trumpet players can often learn it quickly. Its mouthpiece is deeper and more conical than a trumpet’s, which helps make the warmer sound. Some flugelhorns add a fourth valve to reach lower notes and help tuning, and others use rotary valves instead of pistons.

There are also special versions: the compact, oval-shaped kuhlohorn used in some German church choirs, and larger bass flugelhorns called fiscorns used in Catalan folk bands for dances like the sardana. These changes help the instrument fit different music.